Use of Keyboard Function keys (F1 – F12)

 

Use of Keyboard Function keys (F1 – F12)

 

Every keyboard comes with a set of function keys (F1 through F12) but do you know functionalities of those function keys (or fn keys)? Sometimes in multimedia keyboard or compact keyboard, these function keys come as secondary functions on other keys like brightness, sleep, play media, player, mute. In such keyboard, to use function keys, you may need to press another special key ‘fn’ (beside Windows key) and then any function key. These function keys can be used with combination of other keys like ctrl or alt or shift.
Each function key is built to perform specific task but it may vary based upon operating system and the kind of program you are using right now. Let’s see few common functionalities that can be performed using these function keys. Few of such functionalities you may have used, few not.

 

F1:  

   – Almost every program uses this key to open its Help and Support window 

   – F1 with windows key shows up Windows Help and Support screen

   – Can be used to enter CMOS setup

 

F2:

   – Yes, I know, almost everyone has used this to rename files or folders or icons quickly

   – Can be used to enter CMOS setup

   – Alt + Ctrl + F2 opens document window in Microsoft Office

   – Ctrl  + F2 displays print preview window in Microsoft Office

   – Alt + F2 opens ‘Save As’ window in Microsoft Excel

   – Shift + F2 can be used to add comment box in Microsoft Excel

 

F3:

   – Press F3 to open search window to find files and folders

   – In MSDOS or windows command prompt, F3 repeats the last command

   – On most browsers, F3 is used to open find bar

   – In Microsoft Word, Shift + F3 changes the text from upper case to lower case or all capital letters

 

F4:

– Most common, Alt + F4 to close current program window. If no program window is open, it launches Shutdown dialog box

– Ctrl  + F4 closes active window within current active window in Microsoft Windows

– Opens address bar in Windows Explorer and Internet Explorer

– Press F4 to repeat the last action performed in Microsoft Word

 

F5:

   – Almost in all modern internet browsers, pressing F5 refreshes or reloads the web page

   – Starts slide show in Power Point

   – Opens Find and Replace window in Microsoft Word, GoTo window in Excel

 

F6:

   – Almost in all modern browsers, pressing F6 moves the cursor to the address bar

   – Ctrl + F6 toggles between various Microsoft Word documents

 

F7:

   – Press F7 to launch Spelling and Grammar dialog box in Microsoft Office program

   – Shift + F7  opens Research window in Microsoft Office

   – In few browsers like Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, pressing F7 turns Caret Browsing on or off

 

F8:

   – Holding F8 during Windows boot process enters into Windows Safe Mode

   – Pressing F8 displays a thumbnail image of all workspaces in Mac OS X

 

F9:

   – In many application, it is used to send email like Microsoft Outlook, Siebel CRM

   – Ctrl + F9 and Alt + F9 are used to build mail merge document in Microsoft Word

   – If you are a programmer, you may have used F9 to compile and execute code in combination with Ctrl or Alt key

 

F10:

   – In many programs, Shift + F10 opens up the menu window, equivalent to right-click

   – Shows menu bar in Mozilla Firefox, internet browser or highlights the same in many programs

   – Sometimes it is used to enter CMOS setup

 

F11:

   – Is used to enter and exit from full screen mode in all modern internet browsers

   – In Microsoft Excel, Shift + F11 adds a new sheet, Ctrl + F11 adds a new macro to the workbook

   – Pressing Alt + F11 in MS Office program, invokes Microsoft Visual Basic window for that document

 

F12:

– Opens ‘Save As’ window in MS Office program

– Shift + Ctrl + F12 open Print window in MS Office

– Ctrl + F12 opens a document in MS Office

– Opens and closes developer tools in most of the internet browsers

 

Conclusion:

In earlier IBM keyboard, there were keys from F13 to F24 also. But we do not use these function keys any more. We have tried our best to give you functionalities of all Function keys or fn keys (F1 – F12).

Printer Instalation In It Linux ubuntu

 INSTALLATION OF CANON SERIES LBP2900 PRINTER IN UBUNTU 10.04 1.

 login as normal user right click on the desktop --->Open in Terminal give command --->sudo passwd

terminal asks password of normal user: then enter new unix password (for your better convenience give root as password) retype new unix password message appears on the terminal passwd: password updated successfully close the terminal log out 2. login as root(your password is root) paste below shown link on mozilla browser. http://ubuntuone.com/5RcEAeB86MRAwZ1f7d3iuW save downloaded file...... open home/downloads/ right click on the raducotescu-CanonCAPTdriver-release-2.4-0- gc8ea9f9.tar.gz and select ---> Extract here extracted folder ----->raducotescu-CanonCAPTdriver-c8ea9f9----> apears on dowloads folder 

3. open ---> raducotescu-CanonCAPTdriver-c8ea9f9 4. right click on the folder ---->Open in terminal 5. type command or paste below shown command( for this go to terminals edit menu and select paste) sudo ./canonLBP_install.sh LBP2900 (at the same time pls check your printer is plugged on and usb data cable connected to the system.)

Follow the messages and the instructions on screen in order to complete the installation. 6. Give below shown commands one by one. sudo /etc/init.d/cups restart sudo /usr/sbin/lpadmin -p LBP2900 -m CNCUPSLBP2900CAPTK.ppd -v ccp:/var/ccpd/fifo0 -E sudo /usr/sbin/ccpdadmin -p LBP2900 -o /dev/usblp0 sudo /etc/init.d/ccpd start sudo /etc/init.d/ccpd start 7. go to system--> administration ---> Printing ---> right click on the installed printer LBP2900 and select ---> set As default 

8. restart the computer 9. once again login as root 10. if problem arises in printing then try again 5th step of the above tutorial(5th step only) 11. did not type more commands 12. restart the system 13. login as normal user good luck your problem solves any of the below said printers canon series 

* LBP-1120                     * LBP3250 

* LBP-1210                     * LBP3300 

* LBP2900                       * LBP3310 

* LBP3000                         * LBP3500 * LBP3010 * LBP5000 * LBP3018 * LBP5050 * LBP3050 * LBP5100 * LBP3100 * LBP5300 * LBP3108 * LBP6300dn * LBP3150 * LBP7200C * LBP3200 * LBP9100Cdn * LBP3210 P

Microsoft Office 2007 Enterprise Edition

Microsoft Office 2007 Enterprise Edition was a comprehensive suite of productivity software that included several applications to help users create, manage, and share documents, spreadsheets, presentations, and more. Some of the notable features and specialties of Microsoft Office 2007 Enterprise Edition included:

1. Ribbon Interface: Office 2007 introduced the Ribbon interface, which replaced the traditional menu and toolbar system. The Ribbon grouped commands and features into contextual tabs, making it easier for users to find and use various functions.

2. XML-Based Formats: Office 2007 introduced new default file formats for documents, spreadsheets, and presentations. These formats were based on XML (eXtensible Markup Language) and had file extensions such as ".docx" for Word documents, ".xlsx" for Excel spreadsheets, and ".pptx" for PowerPoint presentations. These formats offered improved data recovery and reduced file sizes.

3. Document Themes and Templates: Office 2007 included a range of pre-designed document themes and templates, making it easier for users to create professional-looking documents, presentations, and spreadsheets with consistent formatting.

4. Enhanced Collaboration: Office 2007 introduced improved collaboration features, such as the ability to save documents directly to Microsoft SharePoint Server, which allowed multiple users to work on the same document simultaneously and track changes.

5. Office Online Integration: The Enterprise Edition included integration with Microsoft Office Online (previously known as Office Web Apps). This allowed users to view and edit documents stored in Windows Live SkyDrive (now OneDrive) directly from within the Office applications.

6. Microsoft Groove (Now SharePoint Workspace): The Enterprise Edition included Microsoft Groove, a collaboration and communication tool that allowed users to create shared workspaces for collaborating on documents and projects, even when offline. Groove has since been renamed SharePoint Workspace.

7. Content Management: The Enterprise Edition included tools for managing content and documents, such as Document Information Panels and Document Inspector, which helped users manage document properties and remove sensitive information before sharing documents.

8. Improved Data Analysis: Microsoft Excel in Office 2007 introduced enhanced data analysis and visualization tools, including PivotTables, PivotCharts, and Conditional Formatting, allowing users to analyze and present data more effectively.

9. Enhanced Security: Office 2007 Enterprise Edition included security features like Information Rights Management (IRM), which allowed users to apply restrictions to documents and emails to prevent unauthorized access and distribution.

10. Outlook Integration: Microsoft Outlook received several updates, including an improved user interface, better integration with other Office applications, and enhanced search and filtering capabilities.

It's important to note that Microsoft Office 2007 has reached its end of support, and Microsoft recommends upgrading to a more recent version of Office to ensure security updates and access to the latest features.

Network Cabling Technics

 

How many wires are inside an Ethernet cable? Do all of them work?

There are 8 total wires inside a modern Ethernet twisted-pair cable with an 8P8C connector, braided into 4 pairs. All of the 8 wires can be put to work for 1000Base-T/GigE signaling at rates up to 1 Gbps, but only 4 are needed for either 10Base-T signaling at rates up to 10 Mbps or 100Base-T/Fast-E signaling at rates up to 100 Mbps. Additionally, the blue wires alone can be used on recrimped Cat5e cables for telephony, changing the connector from 8P8C to RJ11.

Using 100Base-T or lower frees up wires for other uses. In the 802.11af Power over Ethernet standard, wires 4 and 5 are ground wires, and wires 7 and 8 are live power wires. Ethernet cables can also be used with HDMI-over-Ethernet adapters as an in-place cabling method when lower signaling rates are acceptable. You could even peel off 2 pairs (for 4 total wires) to support 100Base-T Ethernet and 2 separate phone lines.

Which two wires on the ethernet cable can be used for wireless transmision?

There are no “wireless” wires in an Ethernet cable, that is to say there are no wires in an Ethernet cable specifically used for wireless transmission

Ethernet cable, like CAT5e or CAT6a Cable, has 4 twisted pairs of 2 wires each, resulting in 8 total wires

Each pair has a distinctive color, Blue, Orange, Green and Brown, one of the two wires in the pair will typically have a white stripe or band (or on some cable will have a white cable with a colored band selecting it’s matched pair), the other wire in the pair will be a solid color

So what does each wire actually do?

Well, in each pair, one wire is typically a positive and the other is negative (aka Tip and Ring)

So now what does each pair actually do?

Well, this depends on the network

On 10/100 based networks (10Mb/100Mb), only the Orange and Green pairs are used, the Blue and Brown pairs go unused, in some creative wiring, you may see the Blue and Brown pair used for another Ethernet connection, and in some cases used for phone wiring alongside the Ethernet

Sometimes either the Blue or Brown pair is used to deliver DC electrical current, this is known as PoE or Power over Ethernet

In 1000Mb Ethernet, aka 1Gb or Gigabit Ethernet, all 4 pairs (8 wires) are used for data transfer, it is still compatible with PoE like 10/100 networks are, but there is also data being sent down the line that the DC current is traveling down

This is all related to a wired network

Okay, so if this is all for a wired network, how to you send a wireless network through Ethernet?

Well, simply put, you don’t, you add wireless networking to a wired network, it’s converted from a wired signal over the Ethernet cable to a wireless signal over the air and vice versa

So how is this done?

With a device called a WAP or Wireless Access Point, this device has an Ethernet port on the back and connects to a wired network like any other device (like a computer with an Ethernet port), a wireless device (like say a laptop) communicates to the WAP and the WAP communicates to the Ethernet network like any other wired device

No WAP, no Wi-Fi