tech page new version 005 sep 23-2025

A PoE multiplexer, also known as a PoE splitter/multiplexer, is a device used to combine multiple PoE-enabled network connections into a single output, allowing for both power and data to be transmitted over a single Ethernet cable. This simplifies network setups, reduces cable clutter, and can lower installation costs by eliminating the need for separate power sources for multiple device

MS Office Instalation

https://massgrave.dev/genuine-installation-media

Windows 10/11 enterprise edition

https://massgrave.dev/windows_ltsc_links

MS office instalation

https://gravesoft.dev/office_c2r_links

https://massgrave.dev/office_msi_links

https://filecr.com/windows/office-c2r-install/

Download C2R office 64 bit

What is Windows Enterprise LTSC?

Enterprise LTSC (Long-Term Servicing Channel) is a long-term support variant of Windows 10 Enterprise, released every 2 to 3 years. Each release is supported with security updates for either 5 or 10 years after its release, and intentionally receives no feature updates.

Microsoft releases Windows 10 and 11 through two servicing channels.

GAC (General Availability Channel)

It is intended for both general and enterprise customers.

Edition examples include options such as Home, Pro, and Enterprise.

Maximum support on the same build is usually 2 years for consumers and 3 years for the enterprise. After that, you need to install feature updates.

This is the main servicing channel and other software and games usually follow this channel's life cycle to provide support.

LTSC (Long-Term Servicing Channel)

It is designed for devices where functionality and features must remain constant over time, such as medical systems, industrial controllers, and air traffic control devices.

Examples of editions include: Enterprise LTSC and IoT Enterprise LTSC.

Maximum support on the same build is usually 5 years for LTSC and 10 years for the IoT LTSC.

This is not the main servicing channel and other software and games usually don't follow this channel's life cycle. For example, browsers and games might not provide support for 10 years on same build.

It lacks most of the Store (UWP) apps.

Reasons to use LTSC:

You don't like annual Windows feature upgrades.

You don't like preinstalled Store (UWP) apps as well.

You want longer update support for Windows 10.

Reasons to avoid using LTSC:

As stated above, many games and software might not support LTSC once that same build has reached the end of life in GAC.

Games might not work out of the box and you will manually need to install store and Xbox apps.

New hardware might not be fully supported by a 2-3 year-old LTSC build (A new version of LTSC is released every 3 years).

You might miss new features added in GAC that aren't available in LTSC.

IP switch command

If you have two internet connections and want to manually switch between them using the command line, you can do this by changing your IP address, subnet mask, and gateway for your network interface

netsh interface ipv4 set address name="Ethernet" static 10.70.72.10 255.255.255.0 10.70.72.20

netsh interface ipv4 set dns name="Ethernet" static 8.8.8.8

netsh interface ipv4 add dns name="Ethernet" 8.8.4.4 index=2

IP switch command

netsh interface ipv4 set address name="Ethernet" static 10.70.72.10 255.255.255.0 10.70.72.20

netsh interface ipv4 set dns name="Ethernet" static 8.8.8.8

netsh interface ipv4 add dns name="Ethernet" 8.8.4.4 index=2

How to Install and Activate the RDS Licensing Role and CALs on Windows Server

https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vSWLJAYLf73Cw8RaGp9jlen0hmS_uwodN-_SAokIGKoB-1l2ft26pE_h-z0yfvo8w/pub

Circute Diagram VGA SPLITTER

Windows 11 shared pc acces problem

After a Windows 11 update, shared folders on a PC may become inaccessible due to changes in network discovery, file sharing, or security settings.

See how to fix the problem

Open Gpedit.msc

Local computer policy>Computer Comfigration>Administrative Templates>Netwok>Lanman Server Worksatation> Enable insecure guest logons If it is Not- Configured then Change it to Enable

Local computer policy>Computer Configration>Security Setting>Local Policies>Security Options : Microsoft network client: Digitally sign communications (always)

==========================================================================

Using Regedit

a. On the Start Menu search, type gpedit and start the Edit Group Policy app (i.e. Local Group Policy Editor). If you are using Home edition, skip to step 8.

b. In the console tree, select Computer Configuration > Windows Settings > Security Settings> Local Policies > Security Options.

c. Double-click Microsoft network client: Digitally sign communications (always).

d. Select Disabled > OK.

7. Disable the guest fallback protection:

a. On the Start Menu search, type gpedit and start the Edit Group Policy app (i.e. Local Group Policy Editor). If you are using Home edition, skip to step e.

b. In the console tree, select Computer Configuration > Administrative Templates> Network > Lanman Workstation.

c. Double-click Enable insecure guest logons

d. Select Enabled > OK.

If you're running Windows 11 Home edition,

the guest fallback option is still enabled by default, so you're probably not reading this blog post. But if for some reason it is on, or you need to turn off SMB signing due to some third-party NAS, you will need to use PowerShell to configure your machine because there is no gpedit tool by default. To do this:

a. On the Start Menu search, type powershell then under the Windows PowerShell app, click Run as administrator. Accept the elevation prompt.

b. To disable SMB signing requirement, type:

Set-SmbClientConfiguration -RequireSecuritySignature $false

d. Hit enter, then hit Y to accept.

c. To disable guest fallback, type:

Set-SmbClientConfiguration -EnableInsecureGuestLogons $true

e. Hit enter, then hit Y to accept.

At this point you will be working if Signing or Guest were your real problems.

Important: we have not removed your ability to enable SMB1. All editions of Windows 11 have SMB1 disabled by default - this has been the case for over a year now and, in some editions, going back to Windows 10 - but you are free to re-enable it if you have a third-party NAS that only supports SMB1. SMB1 supports signing but your NAS may not, so the steps above for disabling signing can still apply. SMB1 always allows guest fallback and it cannot be stopped, so the guest steps are not applicable. If your third-party NAS still requires SMB1, it's likely listed here https://aka.ms/stillneedssmb1. If you find that it also doesn't support SMB signing, please let us know with the email address below.

Download Reg files

Creating a copy of a physical hard drive (HDD), including its operating system (OS), to a virtual hard drive (VHD) image

Creating a copy of a physical hard drive (HDD), including its operating system (OS), to a virtual hard drive (VHD) image involves several steps. You will essentially be performing a disk cloning process that converts the contents of your physical HDD into a virtual hard disk format. This allows you to run the OS and programs from the virtual disk in a virtual machine (VM).

Here’s how you can do it:

Requirements:

A virtualization software (e.g., VMware, VirtualBox, Hyper-V) that supports virtual hard disk (VHD or VDI) formats.
Disk cloning software like Clonezilla, Macrium Reflect, or Acronis True Image.
A working physical machine with the OS you want to copy.
Sufficient storage space for the virtual HDD image.

Steps to Create a Virtual HDD Image from a Physical HDD

1. Prepare the Tools

Install a virtualization software such as VirtualBox, VMware Workstation, or Hyper-V.
Install a disk cloning tool like Clonezilla (free), Macrium Reflect (free and paid), or Acronis True Image.

2. Clone the Physical HDD to an Image File

Use your disk cloning software to create an image of the physical HDD. The image should be stored on an external drive or in a different partition (since it will likely be quite large).
Most tools will allow you to create a disk image (e.g., .iso, .img) or clone the entire drive sector by sector.

Example with Macrium Reflect:

Open Macrium Reflect and select the source disk (the physical HDD).
Choose “Create an image of the partition(s)” option and select a destination where you want to save the image.
Complete the imaging process.

3. Convert the Image to a Virtual HDD

If the cloning software creates an image file (like .img), you can convert it to a VHD or VDI format, which can be used by virtualization software.

Using VirtualBox: You can use the VBoxManage command to convert the image into a VirtualBox-compatible virtual disk.

pgsql

Copy

VBoxManage convertfromraw /path/to/image.img /path/to/vm_disk.vdi --format VDI

Using VMware: VMware has a tool called vCenter Converter that can convert physical disks to virtual ones.

Install VMware vCenter Converter.
Run the tool and select the option to convert a physical machine.
Follow the wizard to create a virtual machine and select a destination in VMware.

4. Create a Virtual Machine and Attach the Virtual HDD

Once you have the virtual hard disk (VHD/VDI), you need to create a virtual machine and attach the newly created virtual disk.

In VirtualBox:

Open VirtualBox and create a new virtual machine.
When it asks for a hard disk, select “Use an existing virtual hard disk file” and choose the .vdi file you just created.
Proceed with the rest of the VM setup and boot up.

In VMware:

Create a new virtual machine.
When it prompts for a disk, choose to use an existing disk and select the .vmdk or .vhd file.
Complete the setup and start the VM.

5. Adjust the Virtual Machine Settings

Depending on the hardware and OS, the VM might not boot correctly right away. You may need to make adjustments:

Install VMware Tools or VirtualBox Guest Additions for improved compatibility with the virtual environment.
If there are issues with drivers (e.g., storage controllers), you may need to change settings for the virtual machine's virtual hardware (e.g., IDE, SATA, etc.).
You might also need to adjust network or display settings for better performance.

6. Boot the Virtual Machine

Once everything is set up, start the virtual machine. The system should boot from the virtual disk, and you should have access to the same OS and programs you had on the physical machine, running in a virtualized environment.

Additional Notes:

Sysprep: Before cloning your physical machine, it is recommended to run Sysprep (System Preparation Tool) on Windows to generalize the OS. This removes hardware-specific information and ensures the virtual machine can adapt to virtual hardware without issues.

For Windows: sysprep /oobe /generalize /shutdown

Performance: Virtual machines might have lower performance compared to a physical machine, especially for graphics-intensive applications. Ensure that you allocate sufficient resources (RAM, CPU) to the VM.

Conclusion:

By using disk cloning tools and virtualization software, you can successfully create a copy of your physical HDD and boot it as a virtual machine. The key steps are cloning the physical drive to an image, converting the image to a compatible virtual disk format, and configuring the virtual machine to run from that disk.

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Block Cad from connecting to its server

To block AutoCAD 2020 from connecting to Autodesk's servers, you can use several methods:

Method 1: Block AutoCAD in Windows Firewall

1. Open Windows Firewall

Press Win + R, type firewall.cpl, and hit Enter.

2. Create a New Outbound Rule

Click Advanced Settings on the left panel.

Click Outbound Rules → New Rule (on the right).

Select Program, then click Next.

Choose This program path, then browse to:

C:\Program Files\Autodesk\AutoCAD 2020\acad.exe

Click Next, select Block the connection, and click Next again.

Select Domain, Private, Public, then click Next.

Name the rule (e.g., "Block AutoCAD Internet") and click Finish.

3. Repeat for Inbound Rules (optional, but recommended).

Method 2: Modify the Hosts File

1. Open Notepad as Administrator.

2. Click File → Open, navigate to:

C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\

Select All Files, then open hosts.

3. Add these lines at the bottom:

127.0.0.1 lm.licenses.adobe.com

127.0.0.1 lmlicenses.wip4.adobe.com

127.0.0.1 lm.licenses.autodesk.com

127.0.0.1 na.licenses.autodesk.com

127.0.0.1 auth.autodesk.com

4. Save the file and restart your PC.

Method 3: Disable AutoCAD Automatic Updates

1. Open AutoCAD and click the ?" (Help) button.

2. Select About AutoCAD 2020 → Manage License.

3. Disable online license checking if available.

4. Go to Options (OP in command bar), then in the System tab, turn off updates.

Method 4: Block AutoCAD with Antivirus

1. Open your antivirus software.

2. Find Firewall or Application Control settings.

3. Locate acad.exe and set it to Blocked or Ask.

This will prevent AutoCAD from accessing the internet, blocking updates and server communication.

5.Modifying the Registry:

Press Windows+R to open the Run dialog box.
Type regedit and click OK to open the Registry Editor.
Navigate to the following key: HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Autodesk\ODIS
Create a new DWORD (32-bit) Value named DisableManualUpdateInstall.
Set the value data to 1 to disable update notifications and the Update button in Autodesk Access, or 2 to show update notifications but disable the Update button.

This will prevent Autodesk Access from checking for updates.

C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc

Copy Files from Here

# 127.0.0.1 lm.licenses.adobe.com
# 127.0.0.1 lmlicenses.wip4.adobe.com
# 127.0.0.1 lm.licenses.autodesk.com
# 127.0.0.1 na.licenses.autodesk.com
# 127.0.0.1 auth.autodesk.com

# 127.0.0.1 autodesk.com
# 127.0.0.1 www.autodesk.com
# 127.0.0.1 cur.autodesk.com
# 127.0.0.1 mcs.autodesk.com
# 127.0.0.1 acad.autodesk.com

127.0.0.1 genuine-software.autocad.com

127.0.0.1 genuine-software1.autocad.com

127.0.0.1 genuine-software2.autocad.com

Corel draw

127.0.0.1 corel.com
127.0.0.1 www.corel.com
127.0.0.1 corel.com
127.0.0.1 updates.corel.com

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