In recent versions of Windows, sharing USB printers may be more challenging or not work as expected due to several reasons related to changes in how Windows handles device sharing, security settings, and networking. Here are some common factors that could explain this issue:
1. Changes in Network Printer Sharing Behavior
Windows 10 and later versions have evolved in terms of how they handle printer sharing, especially for USB printers. USB printers are typically directly connected to a single computer via USB, and sharing them over the network requires that the host machine (the one physically connected to the printer) be on and running.
In modern versions of Windows, there may be more restrictive rules for sharing USB printers, especially when connected to non-Home network types (e.g., Work or Public), which can make sharing more difficult.
2. Windows HomeGroup Deprecation
In earlier versions of Windows, the HomeGroup feature made sharing printers and files across devices in the same network easier. However, this feature was deprecated and removed starting with Windows 10 version 1803. The removal of HomeGroup may impact some of the simpler methods of printer sharing.
As a result, users may find that sharing USB printers now requires additional steps, such as manually setting up printer sharing or using modern sharing protocols.
3. USB Printer Redirection Over Network
USB printer sharing traditionally worked by redirecting USB devices over the network. In Windows 10 and later, the Windows Print Spooler and the related Print Management system have been updated, and there may be limitations or bugs related to sharing USB printers over the network.
Some third-party solutions that were used for USB redirection (like USB-over-IP software) may be necessary for reliable printer sharing across networks in newer versions of Windows.
4. Network and Security Settings
Network Isolation: Windows might treat devices on a different network as "untrusted," which can block printer sharing. This is particularly true when computers are connected to different types of networks (Private vs. Public).
Firewall and Security: Windows Defender and third-party firewalls are now more aggressive in blocking network sharing to prevent unauthorized access. You may need to modify the firewall settings or create specific rules to allow printer sharing.
Network Discovery: If "Network Discovery" is turned off, sharing a printer will not be possible. You must ensure that the printer's host computer has Network Discovery enabled in the Control Panel > Network and Sharing Center.
5. Driver Compatibility Issues
Some printer drivers are not fully compatible with newer versions of Windows or may require specific updates to support sharing over the network. Printer manufacturers may also release updates or patches to make their printers compatible with the latest version of Windows.
If you're having trouble with a specific printer model, it's worth checking the printer manufacturer's website for any updated drivers or utilities designed to improve network printing compatibility with newer Windows versions.
6. Sharing Configuration Changes
The process for setting up printer sharing may have changed slightly in recent versions of Windows. To share a USB printer:
- You need to go into Settings > Devices > Printers & Scanners, select the printer, and then choose Manage.
- Enable printer sharing by going to Control Panel > Devices and Printers, right-clicking on the printer, and selecting Printer Properties > Sharing.
However, it's possible that settings or options are different or hidden in some versions, making it harder to configure properly.
7. Windows Update Issues
Sometimes, Windows updates may introduce bugs or changes that break printer sharing functionality. If sharing was working previously and suddenly stopped, check whether there was a recent update that might have impacted printer sharing.
Potential Solutions:
- Enable Network Discovery: Make sure Network Discovery is turned on for the devices you want to share the printer with.
- Check Firewall Settings: Ensure that the necessary ports and sharing protocols (like SMB) are open on both the host and client machines.
- Update Printer Drivers: Install the latest drivers from the printer manufacturer’s website.
- Use a Workaround or Third-Party Software: Some third-party applications or tools, such as USB Network Gate or PrinterShare, can help with USB printer sharing over the network.